A Conceptual Framework of Different Eccentric Training Method [Article Review]

The article by Handford presents a comprehensive overview of various eccentric training methods, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing between different types of eccentric muscle actions and their applications in strength and conditioning (S&C) practices. It begins by clarifying the terminology used in eccentric training, advocating for the use of "action" instead of "contraction" when discussing eccentric muscle lengthening, as this better reflects the dynamic nature of these movements.

Handford categorizes eccentric training methods into several types, including Accentuated Eccentric Loading (AEL) and Accelerated Eccentric Loading (ACEL). AEL involves using external loads that are released at the end of the eccentric phase, while ACEL focuses on performing eccentric actions at increased velocities, often incorporating specific verbal cues to enhance performance. The article highlights that these methods can significantly improve subsequent concentric actions, such as force production and jump height, by utilizing loads that exceed the individual's concentric one-repetition maximum (1RM) during the eccentric phase.

Moreover, the article discusses the practical implications of eccentric training in various sports and daily activities, noting that eccentric muscle actions are prevalent in tasks such as sprinting, landing, and walking downstairs. This relevance underscores the necessity for S&C practitioners to integrate eccentric training into their programs to enhance athletic performance and reduce injury risk. The article also notes that tempo training is one of the most commonly used eccentric training techniques due to its simplicity and lack of required equipment.

In conclusion, Handford's article serves as a critical resource for understanding the complexities of eccentric training methods, their definitions, and their practical applications in sports science and S&C. It calls for a more standardized classification of eccentric training methods to facilitate better understanding and implementation in practice

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Practical Application

The article by Handford outlines several practical applications of eccentric training methods that can be effectively utilized in strength and conditioning (S&C) programs. Key applications include:

- Accentuated Eccentric Loading (AEL): This method involves using external loads during the eccentric phase that exceed the athlete's concentric 1-repetition maximum (1RM), typically between 100% to 150% of the 1RM. This approach enhances muscle tension and promotes greater force production in subsequent concentric actions, leading to improved athletic performance.

- Tempo Training: Recognized as one of the most frequently used eccentric training techniques, tempo training allows practitioners to manipulate the speed of eccentric movements. This method is easy to implement and requires no additional equipment, making it highly accessible for athletes.

 Plyometric Training: The integration of plyo-accentuated eccentric loading (Plyo-AEL) during jump-based exercises can enhance concentric action metrics such as force and jump height.